What are the factors that affect the internal stress of heat treatment of shaft forgings?

Release time:

2023-11-27

In actual production, shaft forgings can always produce two to three different internal stresses at the same time, so the residual stress of the actual workpiece after heat treatment is the result of the combination of several basic internal stresses. The following is a brief introduction to the factors that affect the internal stress of the heat treatment of shaft forgings.

In actual production, shaft forgings can always produce two to three different internal stresses at the same time, so the residual stress of the actual workpiece after heat treatment is the result of the combination of several basic internal stresses. The following is a brief introduction to the factors that affect the internal stress of the heat treatment of shaft forgings.

The residual stress in the case of the heart is not hardened, in the case of quenching through, the thermal stress of the internal stress distribution type, the surface hardening layer is produced by the pressure stress, so the surface quenching crack tendency is small. However, when the core portion generates tensile stress, and when the hardened layer, when the quenched layer is deep and the core portion is small, the tensile stress is within a small range, and the value is large.

The residual stress in the case of core hardening, when the shaft forging is completely hardened, the distribution of residual stress is mainly the result of the combination of thermal stress and internal stress of the organization. When the diameter of the shaft forging is small, the distribution of the residual stress after the combination is the type of the tissue design stress, indicating that the tissue stress is the main. When the diameter increases, the residual stress will gradually develop into thermal stress type, indicating that with the increase of the diameter of the workpiece, the effect of thermal stress is also increasing. At this time, the axial forging will have the peak value of tangential stress and axial stress from the surface, and the influence of axial stress is often greater than that of tangential stress. Therefore, when the cylindrical workpiece is not too large, it is easy to form longitudinal crack.

The greater the quenching temperature and cooling rate, the greater the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the shaft forging, and the greater the thermal stress. With the increase of the cooling rate, the compressive stress value of the surface of the shaft forging and the tensile stress value of the center will increase. Therefore, when the mechanical properties meet the requirements, the cooling rate should be reduced as much as possible.

The influence of the center hole, the heat treatment stress of large shaft forgings is generally the type of thermal stress. However, the heart tissue is usually poor and has more defects. In order to prevent this problem, the center hole of large shaft forgings is generally processed before heat treatment to remove this part of the defect.

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